Top 10 Bharat Ratnas Persons in India (India’s highest honor)

Bharat Ratna: Honoring Excellence and Service

The Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, stands as a beacon of recognition for exceptional service and outstanding contributions. Instituted on January 2, 1954, this prestigious honor transcends distinctions of race, occupation, position, or gender. Originally limited to achievements in arts, literature, science, and public service, the criteria expanded in December 2011 to encompass “any field of human endeavor”. Recipients of the Bharat Ratna receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a distinctive peepal leaf-shaped medallion. Notably, the award carries no monetary grant but immense prestige. The first recipients—C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and C. V. Raman—embodied excellence in their respective domains. Since then, 53 individuals, including posthumous awardees, have joined this illustrious list. Among them, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve, and even non-Indians like Mother Teresa and Nelson Mandela have been honored. The Bharat Ratna, a gem of India, occupies a significant place in our national ethos.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee: Statesman and Visionary

Atal Bihari Vajpayee, a multifaceted leader, left an indelible mark on Indian politics. Born on December 25, 1924, in Gwalior, he served as India’s Prime Minister three times. His first term, a brief 13-day stint in

1996, foreshadowed his resilience. From 1998 to 1999, he led the nation for 13 transformative months, followed by a full term from 1999 to 2004. Vajpayee’s eloquence as a speaker resonated across party lines, and his inclusive governance earned respect even from political opponents. Beyond politics, he was a poet at heart, expressing his thoughts on life, society, and nation-building through verses. His vision for a progressive India emphasized good governance, economic reforms, and infrastructure development. Under his leadership, India conducted the Pokhran-II nuclear tests, initiated the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, and fostered diplomatic ties through the Agra summit and Lahore Declaration. Despite declining health, Vajpayee remained a guiding force until his demise on August 16, 2018. His legacy endures as a statesman who transcended party affiliations, prioritized national interests, and left an indelible imprint on our collective memory.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam: The Visionary ‘Missile Man’

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, was more than just a scientist and statesman. His journey from a curious young boy to a global icon of inspiration is nothing short of remarkable. As India’s 11th President (2002–2007), Kalam left an indelible mark on the nation.

Contributions to Space and Missile Programs

Kalam’s legacy is intertwined with India’s space and defense programs. His pivotal role in the development

of India’s indigenous satellite launch vehicles, including the successful launch of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), showcased his scientific acumen. As the chief architect of India’s Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP), he spearheaded the creation of missiles like Agni, Prithvi, and Trishul. These achievements not only bolstered India’s security but also elevated its status in the global scientific community.

Vision for Youth Empowerment

Kalam believed that empowering the youth was crucial for India’s progress. His interactions with students across the country—often referred to as “Kalam’s children”—inspired countless young minds. He emphasized the importance of education, innovation, and hard work. His book “Wings of Fire” chronicles his life, struggles, and vision, serving as a beacon for aspiring scientists and dreamers.

Enduring Legacy as a Scientist and Educator

Kalam’s impact extended beyond laboratories and missile silos. His commitment to education led him to teach at various institutions, including the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) and the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong. His humility, simplicity, and dedication resonated with people from all walks of life. His sudden demise on July 27, 2015, left a void, but his legacy lives on through the minds he ignited and the dreams he nurtured.

Lata Mangeshkar: The Nightingale’s Timeless Melodies

Lata Mangeshkar, born Hema Mangeshkar on September 28, 1929, in Indore, became synonymous with soul-stirring music. Her voice, spanning over three octaves, graced the soundtracks of more than 2,000 Indian films. Here’s a glimpse into her illustrious career:

Versatility Across Genres

Lata’s versatility knew no bounds. She effortlessly transitioned from filmi songs to classical renditions, ghazals, and bhajans. Her distinctive voice resonated with audiences across generations, making her the “Queen of Melody” and the “Voice of the Millennium”. Whether it was the haunting melodies of “Mahal” (1949) or the soulful tunes of “Satyam Shivam Sundaram” (1978), Lata’s singing elevated every film she touched.

The Musical Backbone of Hindi Cinema

From Nargis to Madhuri Dixit, Lata lent her voice to every major leading lady. Music directors like Naushad Ali and S.D. Burman composed tunes specifically to showcase her wide-ranging soprano. Her rendition of the patriotic song “Ae Mere Watan Ke Logo” during the Indo-China war moved Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to tears. Her concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London (1974) further solidified her global acclaim.

Honors and Awards

Lata’s contributions earned her numerous accolades, including four Filmfare awards. In 2001, she became the second singer to receive India’s highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna. Her legacy endures, and her timeless melodies continue to evoke emotions, transcending time and touching hearts across the subcontinent.

Amartya Sen: Champion of Welfare Economics and Social Justice

Amartya Sen, the Nobel laureate economist, has left an indelible mark on the field of welfare economics. His groundbreaking work challenges conventional notions of well-being, emphasizing that it extends beyond mere income and wealth. Let’s delve into his remarkable contributions:

Welfare Economics and the Capability Approach

Sen’s seminal works, including “Collective Choice and Social Welfare” (1970) and “Development as Freedom” (1999), have reshaped our understanding of human welfare. He introduced the capability approach, advocating for measuring well-being based on an individual’s real freedoms and capabilities to lead a life they value. This paradigm shift transcends material wealth, considering factors like education, health, and personal agency.

Advocacy for Social Justice

Sen’s research extends beyond theoretical frameworks. He has consistently advocated for social justice, emphasizing the importance of addressing poverty, inequality, and social exclusion. His work on famines, such as “Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation” (1981), highlights the role of entitlements and distribution in preventing hunger crises. Sen’s commitment to justice extends to global contexts, where he emphasizes the need for fair policies and opportunities.

Understanding Poverty and Development

Sen’s holistic approach to development considers not only economic growth but also individual capabilities. His insights have influenced policymakers worldwide, emphasizing the need to empower marginalized communities. In India, Sen’s ideas have shaped policies related to education, healthcare, and social safety nets. His contributions extend beyond academia, impacting real lives.

Sachin Tendulkar: The Cricketing Maestro

Sachin Tendulkar, often hailed as the ‘God of Cricket,’ embodies excellence, passion, and national pride. His legendary career spans over two decades, leaving an indelible legacy:

Records and Achievements

Tendulkar’s bat carved records that seemed insurmountable. He remains the highest run-scorer in both Test and One Day International (ODI) cricket, amassing over 18,000 runs in ODIs and 15,921 runs in Tests. His 100 international centuries stand as a testament to his consistency and mastery. Tendulkar’s iconic innings, including his unbeaten 248 against Bangladesh, etched his name in cricketing history.

Influence on the Sport

Beyond numbers, Tendulkar’s influence transcends boundaries. His performances united a diverse nation, cutting across linguistic and regional divides. When he batted, India stood still, collectively holding its breath. His elegance, technique, and unwavering dedication inspired generations. From the dusty streets of Mumbai to the hallowed grounds of Lord’s, Tendulkar’s impact reverberated globally.

A National Icon

Tendulkar’s journey began as a young boy with dreams. His debut century for Shardashram Vidyamandir marked the emergence of a prodigy. At 15, he donned the Mumbai Ranji jersey, scoring an unbeaten century in his first match. His journey continued, culminating in the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup victory—a moment etched in every Indian’s heart. The Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, recognized his unparalleled contribution to the sport.

Mother Teresa: A Life of Compassion and Selfless Service

Mother Teresa, born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu on August 26, 1910, in Skopje (now part of North Macedonia), exemplified unwavering dedication to humanity. Her life’s work transcended borders, touching the lives of the destitute, abandoned, and suffering. Let’s delve into her remarkable journey:

Founding the Missionaries of Charity

In 1950, Mother Teresa established the Missionaries of Charity, a religious order devoted to aiding the most destitute. The sisters of this order provide a wide range of services, including food, shelter, medical care, education, and spiritual support. Their simple lifestyle and unwavering commitment to those in need have made them a beacon of compassion worldwide.

Humanitarian Work and Global Reverence

The Missionaries of Charity tended to the homeless, forsaken children, lepers, and individuals suffering from terminal illnesses such as HIV/AIDS. Their selfless acts ignited a spark that spread across continents. As word of their remarkable work reached far and wide, more volunteers joined Mother Teresa’s cause. She received numerous awards, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, recognizing her tireless efforts.

L. K. Advani: Political Journey and the Ram Janmabhoomi Movement

Lal Krishna Advani, born on November 8, 1927, played a pivotal role in shaping Indian politics. Let’s explore his journey:

Ram Rath Yatra and the Birth of BJP’s Popularity

In 1990, Advani led the Ram Rath Yatra, a political-religious procession advocating for the construction of a Ram temple in Ayodhya. This movement resonated with many Hindus and marked a turning point in Indian politics. Advani’s claim that the disputed site was Lord Ram’s birthplace galvanized support. The yatra became a defining moment for the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

Demolition of the Babri Masjid

In 1992, Advani’s presence during the demolition of the Babri Masjid catapulted him into the limelight. Alongside Murli Manohar Joshi, Uma Bharti, and others, he witnessed the mosque’s destruction. Advani’s meteoric rise continued, and he eventually became Deputy Prime Minister. The BJP, which had won just two seats in the 1984 general election, steadily grew, culminating in its historic victory with 303 seats in 2019.

J. R. D. Tata: Visionary, Philanthropist, and Industrial Pioneer

On the occasion of Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata’s 120th birth anniversary, we celebrate the legacy of J.R.D. Tata—a name associated with creativity, leadership, and generosity. Born in Paris, France, J.R.D. Tata’s remarkable journey transformed the Tata Group into a global conglomerate and reshaped India’s industrial landscape. Let’s explore the facets of this legend:

Industrial Contributions and Economic Development

J.R.D. Tata played a pivotal role in industrializing India. Under his visionary leadership, the Tata Group diversified into various sectors, including steel, aviation, and technology-based enterprises. His unwavering commitment to excellence and innovation left an indelible mark on the country’s economic growth. Notably, he established Tata Airlines, which later evolved into Air India, revolutionizing aviation in India.

Philanthropy and Social Causes

Beyond business, J.R.D. Tata championed social causes. He was an early advocate for family planning, recognizing its importance for India’s socioeconomic development. In 1971, he founded the Family Planning Foundation, tirelessly promoting awareness and education on this sensitive topic. Additionally, he played a significant role in establishing the National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA) in Mumbai, nurturing India’s cultural heritage.

Global Perspective and Multilingual Abilities

J.R.D. Tata’s upbringing in France and India endowed him with a unique global perspective. Fluent in several languages, including French, English, Gujarati, and Hindi, he leveraged cultural adaptability in international business dealings. His legacy extends beyond corporate success, reflecting timeless values of compassion and social responsibility.

Nelson Mandela: Icon of Resilience and Unity

Nelson Mandela, often called the ‘Gandhi of South Africa,’ transcended borders and inspired generations. Here’s an overview of his incredible journey:

Anti-Apartheid Movement and Indian Support

Mandela dedicated his life to dismantling apartheid—a racist system that dominated South Africa. India stood by his side. In 1946, Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s Prime Minister-in-waiting, pledged to boycott South Africa until apartheid was abolished. India’s unwavering support continued as Mandela’s struggle gained momentum.

Shared Values and Leadership

Mandela’s nonviolent approach echoed Gandhi’s ideology. Both leaders believed in truth, justice, and unity. India’s ties with the African National Congress (ANC) strengthened, exemplified by Mandela’s visit to India after his release from prison. Their shared commitment to freedom and equality remains a testament to resilience.

Legacy of Unity and Reconciliation

As South Africa’s first Black President, Mandela fostered close relations with India. Together, they forged bonds through groupings like IBSA and BRICS. His legacy endures—a beacon of hope for a world united against injustice. Mandela’s life teaches us that even in the darkest times, resilience and leadership can transform nations.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: A Beacon of Social Justice and Constitutional Vision

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, affectionately known as Babasaheb, occupies a monumental place in the history of modern India. His relentless fight against caste discrimination, vision for an egalitarian society, and pivotal role in shaping the Indian Constitution make him an iconic figure. Let’s delve into his remarkable journey:

Contributions to Social Justice and Equality

Born into a Dalit family in 1891, Ambedkar faced discrimination, segregation, and untouchability from an early age. Despite these formidable barriers, his determination and intellect propelled him forward. He became one of the first “untouchables” to enter an Indian college, eventually earning advanced degrees in economics, politics, and law from prestigious institutions. His advocacy for social justice went beyond academia. He founded the ‘Bahishkrit Hitakarani Sabha’ to uplift the oppressed, emphasizing education, agitation, and organization. His relentless pursuit of equality transformed the narrative of social reform in India.

Role in Drafting the Indian Constitution

In 1947, Dr. Ambedkar was appointed as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly. His responsibility extended far beyond framing the Indian Constitution. Ambedkar meticulously studied the constitutions of 60 other nations, ensuring that India’s foundational document would enshrine principles of justice, equality, and fundamental rights. His vision shaped the legal and social fabric of independent India. As the Chair of the Constitution Drafting Committee, he played a pivotal role in enabling change through democracy and legislation.

Legacy and Impact on Modern India

Ambedkar’s legacy endures as a beacon of hope and inspiration. His posthumous stature has grown enormously. He is beyond criticism today, revered by all political parties seeking to claim his legacy. His teachings resonate globally, emphasizing the battle between timeless traditions and modern conceptions of social justice. His life story and focus on social justice make him a crucial founder of modern India. His impact extends to movements for equality, human rights, and constitutional principles. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar remains an indomitable force, guiding us toward a more equitable and just society.

The Impact of Bharat Ratna Awardees

The Bharat Ratna award recognizes exceptional individuals whose achievements have significantly advanced India. Let’s delve into how these awardees have shaped our nation:

Inspiration for Generations

From Dr. Rajendra Prasad to Sachin Tendulkar, each Bharat Ratna recipient has inspired countless Indians. Their stories of resilience, dedication, and excellence motivate us to dream big and contribute to society.

Contributions Across Sectors

Bharat Ratna awardees have excelled in diverse fields. Dr. Amartya Sen’s groundbreaking work in welfare economics, Lata Mangeshkar’s timeless melodies, and A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s vision for youth empowerment—all have left lasting imprints. Their contributions span science, music, politics, and social reform.

Contemporary Relevance

Recognizing these figures is crucial in contemporary society. Their legacies remind us of our shared heritage and the values that shape our nation. By honoring Bharat Ratna awardees, we celebrate excellence and inspire future leaders.

Bharat Ratna award winners: List of recipients from 1954 – 2024

The Bharat Ratna: Honoring Excellence and Legacy

The Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, stands as a beacon of recognition for exceptional service and outstanding contributions. Instituted on January 2, 1954, this prestigious honor transcends distinctions of race, occupation, position, or gender. Originally limited to achievements in arts, literature, science, and public service, the criteria expanded in December 2011 to encompass “any field of human endeavor”. Let’s explore the selection process, criteria, historical context, and the enduring legacy of this esteemed award.

Selection Process and Criteria

The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President of India. No formal recommendations are necessary; the Prime Minister’s discretion plays a crucial role. The number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of three in a particular year. The recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a distinctive peepal leaf-shaped medallion. Unlike other awards, there is no monetary grant associated with the Bharat Ratna.

Historical Context and Evolution

The first recipients—C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and C. V. Raman—embodied excellence in their respective domains. Since then, the award has been bestowed upon 53 individuals, including 18 who were awarded posthumously. The original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in January 1966 to honor former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri. In 2014, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar became the youngest recipient, while social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve was the oldest recipient when he was awarded on his 100th birthday.

Significance and Legacy

The Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence. Their contributions span science, music, politics, and social reform. Though usually conferred on India-born citizens, the award has also been given to naturalized citizens like Mother Teresa and non-Indians like Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Nelson Mandela. These remarkable personalities have left an indelible imprint on India’s cultural, scientific, and social landscape.

Celebrating Excellence

In conclusion, the Bharat Ratna celebrates excellence, vision, and resilience. As we reflect on the enduring legacy of these individuals, let us honor and celebrate their contributions. Their stories inspire us to dream, create, and contribute to a better world.